You should already know how to play a basic 12 Bar Blues, and you probably have some idea how to improvise a melody on top of it.
But the rhythm side of things is very open to experimentation as well! Let's check out some of the ways we can go about it.
Rhythm Alterations
You can add a lot of character to a 12 Bar Blues simply by applying some variation to your strumming.
Muting the 2nd and 4th beat is a very common strumming pattern.
You can rest there or apply some string noise.
Here's an example of a palm muting pattern you can use to apply a distinctive rhythm to simple power chords.
Play close attention to the notation to make sure you accent the right notes!
You can even take a more riff based approach to the rhythm.
Focus on mostly targeting chord tones to keep your rhythm feeling locked in to the groove.
Major 6th Swing
Another very common alteration is to swing up to the Major 6th interval on beats 2 and 4.
This is one of the first forms of the 12 Bar Blues most guitarists learn.
It's a very distinctive sound, try it out and you'll probably recall hearing it previously!
Chromatic Movements
The blues is very tolerant of chromatic notes, especially if they are sandwiched between notes in key.
Here we take a chromatic step between the V and IV chords!
You can almost always get away with this trick, even if you're using full chords.
We can also do a chromatic run at the end of a bar, back to the same chord we were just playing!
You can also use a chromatic walk-up like this to lead in to the next chord in the pattern.
Beyond Power Chords
We don't have to stick to power chords! All sorts of chords can be swapped in.
Perhaps the most common form of the 12 Bar Blues is the Major Blues.
Simply change all your chords to Major, though you can use a Dom7 shape on the V chord.
You can use the Major or Minor Pentatonic here!
There is also a Minor Blues, swapping all the chords to Minor. You can still use a Dom7 on the V, though!
You'll definitely want to use the Minor Blues Pentatonic for this one, the Major won't work as well here.
The real heart of the blues lies in the Dominant 7th. You can actually replace every chord with a Dom7!
This makes little sense Diatonically, but the blues isn't too concerned with Diatonics.
I hope you found some of these ideas interesting!
But there's still a big piece of the puzzle we haven't discussed : The Turn-around.
If you're ready for more, definitely check it out, understanding Turn-Arounds will totally level up your blues playing.